Near-infrared hyperspectral imaging and robust statistics for in vivo non-melanoma skin cancer and actinic keratosis characterisation.

One of the most common forms of cancer in fair skinned populations is Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer (NMSC), which primarily consists of Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC), and cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC). Detecting NMSC early can significantly improve treatment outcomes and reduce medical costs. Similarly, Actinic Keratosis (AK) is a common skin condition that, if left untreated, can develop into more serious conditions, such as SCC. Hyperspectral imagery is at the forefront of research to develop non-invasive techniques for the study and characterisation of skin lesions. This study aims to investigate the potential of near-infrared hyperspectral imagery in the study and identification of BCC, SCC and AK samples in comparison with healthy skin. Here we use a pushbroom hyperspectral camera with a spectral range of ≈ 900 to 1600 nm for the study of these lesions. For this purpose, an ad hoc platform was developed to facilitate image acquisition. This study employed robust statistical methods for the identification of an optimal spectral window where the different samples could be differentiated. To examine these datasets, we first tested for the homogeneity of sample distributions. Depending on these results, either traditional or robust descriptive metrics were used. This was then followed by tests concerning the homoscedasticity, and finally multivariate comparisons of sample variance. The analysis revealed that the spectral regions between 900.66-1085.38 nm, 1109.06-1208.53 nm, 1236.95-1322.21 nm, and 1383.79-1454.83 nm showed the highest differences in this regard, with <1% probability of these observations being a Type I statistical error. Our findings demonstrate that hyperspectral imagery in the near-infrared spectrum is a valuable tool for analyzing, diagnosing, and evaluating non-melanoma skin lesions, contributing significantly to skin cancer research.

Pénfigo vulgar en la infancia / Pemphigus vulgaris in childhood

El pénfigo vulgar en la infancia es muy infrecuente, con poco más de 50 casos descritos en la literatura. Presentamos un nuevo caso de pénfigo vulgar en un niño de 11 años, comentando su evolución y respuesta al tratamiento y revisamos los casos comunicados en este grupo de edad, con especial atención al manejo terapéutico y al pronóstico de esta enfermedad en la infancia

A new case of pemphigus vulgaris in an 11 years-old boy is reported. Pemphigus vulgaris is infrequent in childhood, with over 50 cases previously reported. We comment the evolution and the response to treatment. We reviewed other cases reported in children, with special attention to the therapeutic and the prognosis of the disease in childhood

Pápulas eritematoanaranjadas faciales / Orangish-erythematous facial papules

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Síndrome de hipersensibilidad a sulfasalacina en paciente VIH / Drug hypersensitivity syndrome to sulfasalazine in an HIV patient

El síndrome de hipersensibilidad a fármacos se define por la triada clínica de fiebre, erupción cutánea y afectación de órganos internos. Múltiples fármacos se asocian con sintomatología cutánea aislada (exantema o erupción maculopapulosa), mientras que sólo unos pocos fármacos se asocian con el síndrome de hipersensibilidad. Fármacos relacionados con este síndrome son los anticonvulsivantes, antibióticos, sulfasalazinas y antirretrovirales. A pesar de las múltiples reacciones medicamentosas descritas en estos pacientes, este es el primer caso de síndrome de hipersensibilidad a sulfasalazina en un paciente con infección por el VIH que se recoge en la literatura dermatológica

Drug hypersensitivity syndrome is defined by the clinical triad of fever, rash, and internal organ involvement. Numerous drugs have been associated with isolated cutaneous eruptions (particularly of the simple exanthematic or maculopapular type), while only a limited number of drugs are associated with drug hypersensitivity syndrome. Drugs commonly associated with drug hipersensitivity syndrome in elude the anticonvulsants, antibiotics, sulfasalazines and antiretrovirals. Despite the numerous drug reactions described in HIV patients, up to our knowledge, this is the first case, of drug hypersensitivity syndrome to sulfasalazines in an HIV patient has not been previously reported

Siringometaplasia escamosa ecrina asociada a quimioterapia / Eccrine squasmous syringometaplasia associated with chemotherapy

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